Counseling Theories & Approaches

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

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Posted by contactraynow at 2:59 PM

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Instructor Contact Information

Ray A. White, Ed.S., LPC-MHSP

(423) 552-1118
Text 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Call 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM

rwhite@tusculum.edu

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Ch 15 Overview

TC Counseling Theories Chapter 15

A) Psychoanlaytic

Ø Goals: To make the
unconscious conscious. To reconstruct the basic
personality.

Ø Therapist Role: The
therapist remains anonymous.
Ø Client Role: The
client gains insight by talking.

Ø Techniques:
Interpretation, dream analysis, free association, etc.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

B) Adlerian

Ø Goals: To challenge
client’s basic premises and life goals. To develop the client’s sense of belonging.

Ø Therapist Role: The
emphasis is on joint responsibility and equality.
Ø Client Role: The
emphasis is on joint responsibility and equality.

Ø Techniques:
gathering history: family constellation, early recollections, etc.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

C) Existential

Ø Goals: To help the
client see they are free agents and become aware of their possibilities.

Ø Therapist Role: To
establish an authentic encounter with the client.
Ø Client Role: To stay
in the here and now.

Ø Techniques: Few
techniques because it emphasizes “understanding.”

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

D) Person-Centered

Ø Goals: To provide a
safe climate conducive to self-exploration and help the client become more self-directed.

Ø Therapist Role:
Establish a genuine relationship with the client. Being there for the client.
Ø Client Role:
Transfer what they learn to other relationships.

Ø Techniques: Active
listening skills, feelings reflection.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

E) Gestalt

Ø Goals: To assist
clients in gaining awareness of moment-to-moment experiencing, and foster integration of
the self.

Ø Therapist Role:
Assists client in making their own interpretations.
Ø Client Role: Work on
unfinished business from the past that interferes with current functioning.

Ø Techniques: Create
“experiments” to intensify the experience at hand.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

F)
Behavior

Ø Goals: To eliminate
maladaptive behaviors or learn more effective behaviors.

Ø Therapist Role:
Active and directive (like a teacher).
Ø Client Role: Active
in the process and experiment with new behaviors.
Ø Techniques:
Reinforcement, desensitization, relaxation, social skills, homework.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

G) Cognitive-Behavior

Ø Goals: To teach
clients to confront faulty beliefs and become aware of automatic thoughts.

Ø Therapist Role: The
therapist functions as a teacher.
Ø Client Role: The
client functions as a student.

Ø Techniques:
Short-term intervention, cognitive, behavioral, emotive.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

H) Reality

Ø Goals: To teach
clients choice theory and help them become more effective in
meeting their psychological needs.

Ø Therapist Role: Find
out what the client wants and help them make changes.
Ø Client Role:
Evaluates their present status and makes goals for change.

Ø Techniques: Active
& didactic. Skillful questioning.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

I)
Feminist

Ø Goals: To assist
clients in claiming and using their personal power to free themselves from the limitations of
gender-role socialization.

Ø Therapist Role: A
collaborative relationship. Empower the client.
Ø Client Role: The
client becomes their own expert.

Ø Techniques:
Consciousness raising via bibliotherapy, journaling, assertiveness training.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

J)
Post Modern

Ø Goals: To help the
client move from problem oriented thinking to solution oriented thinking and help them establish
clear realistic concrete goals for
change.

Ø Therapist Role: Help
the client externalize problems (I am not my problem).
Ø Client Role: Create
new liberating schema/stories.

Ø Techniques: The
“miracle question,” scaling questions.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

K) Family Systems

Ø Goals: To help
families become aware of relationship patterns that are not working well and create new ways of
interacting.

Ø Therapist Role:
Teacher/Coach/Model.
Ø Client Role: Learn
more effective communication and help family members become unstuck.

Ø Techniques:Genograms,
joining, enacting/sculpting.

Ø Show Companion DVD clip
for above approach

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